Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells. It is a common treatment for head and neck cancer, which is cancer that starts in the mouth, throat, sinuses, or larynx.
Radiation therapy can be used alone or in combination with other treatments, such as surgery or chemotherapy. It can be used to shrink tumors before surgery, to kill any cancer cells that remain after surgery, or to relieve symptoms caused by cancer.
There are two main types of radiation therapy:
- External beam radiation therapy: This is the most common type of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. It uses a machine outside the body to deliver the radiation beams.
- Internal radiation therapy (brachytherapy): This type of radiation therapy involves placing radioactive material inside the body, near the tumor.
The type of radiation therapy that is used will depend on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health.
How Radiation Therapy Works for Head and Neck Cancer
Radiation therapy works by damaging the DNA of cancer cells. This prevents the cells from growing and dividing. Over time, the damaged cells die.
Radiation therapy can also damage normal cells, but the body’s ability to repair these cells is usually better than its ability to repair damaged cancer cells.
Side Effects of Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer
The side effects of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer can vary depending on the type and dose of radiation therapy, as well as the patient’s overall health.
Some common side effects include:
- Dry mouth
- Sore throat
- Difficulty swallowing
- Mouth sores
- Skin changes
- Fatigue
- Hair loss
- Nausea and vomiting
These side effects are usually temporary and go away after treatment is complete. However, some side effects, such as dry mouth and difficulty swallowing, can be long-lasting.
How to Manage the Side Effects of Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer
There are a number of ways to manage the side effects of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. These include:
- Taking medication to relieve pain and discomfort
- Using artificial saliva to moisten the mouth
- Eating soft, moist foods that are easy to swallow
- Avoiding spicy or acidic foods that can irritate the mouth and throat
- Getting plenty of rest
- Staying hydrated
FAQs About Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer
What are the risks of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer?
The risks of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer vary depending on the type and dose of radiation therapy, as well as the patient’s overall health. Some potential risks include:
- Damage to normal cells, which can lead to side effects such as dry mouth, difficulty swallowing, and skin changes
- Second cancer: Radiation therapy can increase the risk of developing a second cancer, especially in the head and neck area.
- Heart problems: Radiation therapy to the neck can damage the lining of the heart, which can lead to heart problems.
How long does radiation therapy for head and neck cancer last?
The length of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer depends on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. It typically lasts for 5-7 weeks.
What is the success rate of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer?
The success rate of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer depends on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. The overall cure rate for head and neck cancer is about 60%.
Conclusion
Radiation therapy is a common and effective treatment for head and neck cancer. It can be used alone or in combination with other treatments, such as surgery or chemotherapy. The side effects of radiation therapy can vary, but they are usually temporary and go away after treatment is complete.
If you have been diagnosed with head and neck cancer, talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of radiation therapy. They can help you decide if radiation therapy is the right treatment for you.
